[7], In 1934, Mountbatten was appointed to his first command – the destroyer HMS Daring. Lord Mountbatten tuvo una gran influencia durante el reinado de Isabel II. [83], In the Suez Crisis of 1956, Mountbatten strongly advised his old friend Prime Minister Anthony Eden against the Conservative government's plans to seize the Suez canal in conjunction with France and Israel. The king's British relatives followed suit with Prince Louis's father dropping his German titles and name and adopting the surname Mountbatten, an anglicization of Battenberg. This left 14 million people on the "wrong" side of the border, and very many of them fled to "safety" on the other side when the new lines were announced. [107] Yola Letellier's life story was the inspiration for Colette's novel Gigi. [33], In August 1941, Mountbatten was appointed captain of the aircraft carrier HMS Illustrious which lay in Norfolk, Virginia, for repairs following action at Malta in January. Ziegler says that in Malaya, where the main resistance to the Japanese came from Chinese who were under considerable communist influence, "Mountbatten proved to have been naïve in his assessment....He erred, however, not because he was 'soft on Communism'....but from an over-readiness to assume the best of those with whom he had dealings." [158] The IET annually awards the Mountbatten Medal for an outstanding contribution, or contributions over a period, to the promotion of electronics or information technology and their application. This was because his great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, had suggested the nickname of "Nicky", but to avoid confusion with the many Nickys of the Russian Imperial Family ("Nicky" was particularly used to refer to Nicholas II, the last Tsar), "Nicky" was changed to "Dickie". This became evident when Mountbatten had to be reassured that the fission reactions from the Bikini Atoll tests would not spread through the oceans and blow up the planet. Wright alleged that "up to thirty" MI5 officers had joined a secret campaign to undermine the crisis-stricken Labour government of Harold Wilson and that King was an MI5 agent. More on the royal baby's names, right here. [110][112] Norman Nield, Mountbatten's driver from 1942–1943, told the tabloid New Zealand Truth that he transported young boys aged 8 to 12 and was paid to keep quiet. "[105] He maintained an affair for several years with Yola Letellier,[106] the wife of Henri Letellier, publisher of Le Journal and mayor of Deauville (1925–28). [152] He was released in 1998 under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement. Mountbatten was posted as midshipman to the battlecruiser HMS Lion in July 1916 and, after seeing action in August 1916, transferred to the battleship HMS Queen Elizabeth during the closing phases of the First World War. For his service during the war, Mountbatten was created viscount in 1946 and earl the following year. His vanity though child-like, was monstrous, his ambition unbridled....He sought to rewrite history with cavalier indifference to the facts to magnify his own achievements. In the meeting, King allegedly urged Mountbatten to become the leader of a government of national salvation. His second son acquired the courtesy title Lord Louis Mountbatten and was known as Lord Louis until he was created a peer in 1946. [67] The uncertainty of the borders caused Muslims and Hindus to move into the direction where they felt they would get the majority. [149][150] As part of the funeral arrangements, his body had been embalmed by Desmond Henley. He then served as the first Governor-General of India until June 1948. [123], Mountbatten was a strong influence in the upbringing of his grand-nephew, Charles, Prince of Wales, and later as a mentor – "Honorary Grandfather" and "Honorary Grandson", they fondly called each other according to the Jonathan Dimbleby biography of the Prince – though according to both the Ziegler biography of Mountbatten and the Dimbleby biography of the Prince, the results may have been mixed. [3] He also served as Commodore of Emsworth Sailing Club in Hampshire from 1931. Thereafter he served as chief of the Defence Staff until 1965, making him the longest-serving professional head of the British Armed Forces to date. Mountbatten concluded that the situation was too volatile to wait even a year before granting independence to India. Tandis que Netflix a donné le coup d'envoi de la saison 4 de The Crown, le premier épisode raconte la mort dans un attentat de Lord Louis Mountbatten, mentor … [7] There followed a honeymoon tour of European royal courts and America which included a visit to Niagara Falls (because "all honeymooners went there"). Lord Mountbatten was murdered in 1979 in an IRA terrorist attack off the coast of County Sligo, Ireland. Il soprannome di Lord Mountbatten tra i suoi famigliari ed amici era Dickie, anche se Riccardo non era nemmeno tra i suoi molti nomi di battesimo. [29] Mountbatten was mentioned in despatches on 9 August 1940[31] and 21 March 1941[32] and awarded the Distinguished Service Order in January 1941. Juni 1900 in Windsor Castle; 27. Pakistani accounts suggest that Mountbatten favoured the accession of Kashmir to India, citing his close relationship to Nehru. [29][34], Mountbatten was a favourite of Winston Churchill. [75] Mountbatten clearly expressed his lack of support and faith in the Muslim League's idea of Pakistan. Mountbatten also developed a strong relationship with the Indian princes, who ruled those portions of India not directly under British rule. His priority was to maintain practical, stable government, but driving him was an idealism in which he believed every people should be allowed to control their own destiny. [24], On the night of 9–10 May 1940, Kelly was torpedoed amidships by a German E-boat S 31 off the Dutch coast, and Mountbatten thereafter commanded the 5th Destroyer Flotilla from the destroyer HMS Javelin. [47] That year, he was made a Knight of the Garter and created Viscount Mountbatten of Burma, of Romsey in the County of Southampton as a victory title for war service. Critics said he was too ready to overlook their faults, and especially their subordination to communist control. [101] In contrast, Andrew Lownie has suggested that it took the intervention of the Queen to dissuade him from plotting against Wilson. [128], Charles was rescheduled to tour India alone, but Mountbatten did not live to the planned date of departure. [69] He was promoted to the substantive rank of full admiral on 27 February 1953. Lord Mountbatten family tree: Lord Mountbatten had two daughters, Patricia and Pamela. Throughout Lord Mountbatten's life, and in the years after he died in an IRA bombing on August 27, 1979, rumors swirled about his extramarital affairs. Louis Mountbatten, voluit Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas, 1e graaf Mountbatten van Birma, (Frogmore, 25 juni 1900 — Mullaghmore (), 27 augustus 1979) was een First Sea Lord en de laatste gouverneur-generaal van Brits-Indië Mountbatten war Onkel v… [49], Like many members of the royal family, Mountbatten was an aficionado of polo. Sometimes they'll include recommendations for other related newsletters or services we offer. Although his advisers favoured a gradual transfer of independence, Mountbatten decided the only way forward was a quick and orderly transfer of power before 1947 was out. Prince Charles was 'a victim of the process' just like Princess Diana, Lord Mountbatten ‘ignored warnings he was IRA target’, Royal controversy: IRA’s cruel rhyme after Mountbatten’s assassination, Mountbatten’s 'kniving' influence on Prince Charles torn apart, Prince Charles to launch £7 BILLION environment project, Princess Diana 'put on a good show' to win over Queen, Prince William's changes after Prince Charles becomes king revealed, Prince Charles heartbreak: Fears of 'broken promises' to George. Home of the Daily and Sunday Express. [48][49], Following the war, Mountbatten was known to have largely shunned the Japanese for the rest of his life out of respect for his men killed during the war and, as per his will, Japan was not invited to send diplomatic representatives to his funeral in 1979, though he did meet Emperor Hirohito during his state visit to Britain in 1971, reportedly at the urging of the Queen. His intervention was decisive in persuading the vast majority of them to see advantages in opting to join the Indian Union. [125] But a few months later, Mountbatten's efforts nearly came to naught when he received a letter from his sister Alice in Athens informing him that Philip was visiting her and had agreed to repatriate permanently to Greece. He was tried for the assassinations in Ireland and convicted on 23 November 1979 based on forensic evidence supplied by James O'Donovan that showed flecks of paint from the boat and traces of nitroglycerine on his clothes. [7], Pursuing his interests in technological development and gadgetry, Mountbatten joined the Portsmouth Signals School in August 1924 and then went on briefly to study electronics at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, DSO, PC (* 25. "[155] However, Ziegler concludes that Mountbatten's virtues outweighed his defects:[156]. La plus grande victoire de Louis Mountbatten, disaient ses ennemis, est d'avoir marié son neveu à l'héritière du trône. [110] Lownie also interviewed several young men who claimed to have been in a relationship with Mountbatten. He was father to two daughters: Patricia Knatchbull, later 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma, and Lady Pamela Hicks. order back issues and use the historic Daily Express In March 1947, Mountbatten was appointed Viceroy of India and oversaw the Partition of British India into India and Pakistan. The Queen and Prince Philip tied the knot in 1947, and the pair are widely regarded as one of the most successful royal unions in modern history. Mountbatten turned to port to match a German course change. It was Mountbatten who recognised that surprise and speed were essential to capture the radar, and saw that an airborne assault was the only viable method. Philip subsequently took on the surname of his mother’s family, and became Philip Mountbatten. "[145], On the day of the bombing, the IRA also ambushed and killed eighteen British soldiers at the gates of Narrow Water Castle, just outside Warrenpoint, in County Down in Northern Ireland, sixteen of them from the Parachute Regiment, in what became known as the Warrenpoint ambush. He was the youngest child and the second son of Prince Louis of Battenberg and his wife Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine. Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten was born in Windsor on June 25, 1900, to Prince Louis of Battenberg and Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine. Here's the true story behind the TV show. The royal with 10 names, two daughters, and an open marriage, is related to both Prince Philip and Queen Elizabeth II . [8], He was appointed executive officer (second-in-command) of the small warship HMS P. 31 on 13 October 1918 and was promoted sub-lieutenant on 15 January 1919. Prince William named his third son, who was born on April 23, Louis, likely in tribute to the late Lord Louis Mountbatten. His godparents were Queen Victoria, Nicholas II of Russia (represented by the child's father) and Prince Francis Joseph of Battenberg (represented by Lord Edward Clinton). [30] Coward was a personal friend of Mountbatten and copied some of his speeches into the film. This was "a rather disastrous move as the directors swung off and lost target"[28] and it resulted in Javelin being struck by two torpedoes. [1] His paternal grandparents' marriage was morganatic because his grandmother was not of royal lineage; as a result, he and his father were styled "Serene Highness" rather than "Grand Ducal Highness", were not eligible to be titled Princes of Hesse and were given the less exalted Battenberg title. [78], After India, Mountbatten served as commander of the 1st Cruiser Squadron in the Mediterranean Fleet and, having been granted the substantive rank of vice-admiral on 22 June 1949,[79] he became Second-in-Command of the Mediterranean Fleet in April 1950. [36], On 18 March 1942, he was promoted to the acting rank of vice admiral and given the honorary ranks of lieutenant general[37] and air marshal to have the authority to carry out his duties in Combined Operations; and was placed in the Chiefs of Staff Committee. [132] IRA member Thomas McMahon had slipped onto the unguarded boat that night and attached a radio-controlled bomb weighing 50 pounds (23 kg). [116][108][117] The HIA stated that the article making the original allegations "did not give any basis for the assertions that any of these people [Mountbatten and others] were connected with Kincora". [64] On one hand, the integration of the princely states can be viewed as one of the positive aspects of his legacy. [89] "When I told Dickie of my decision not to reappoint him," recalls Healey, "he slapped his thigh and roared with delight; but his eyes told a different story. The 11-minute work was given its first performance on 5 May 1980 by the Scottish Baroque Ensemble, conducted by Leonard Friedman. [70] Accounts differ on the future which Mountbatten desired for Kashmir. [69] He became Fourth Sea Lord at the Admiralty in June 1950. [116], Lord and Lady Mountbatten had two daughters: Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma (14 February 1924 – 13 June 2017),[118] sometime lady-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth II, and Lady Pamela Hicks (born 19 April 1929), who accompanied them to India in 1947–1948 and was also sometime lady-in-waiting to the Queen. This much had already been confirmed by former cabinet secretary Lord Hunt, who concluded in a secret inquiry conducted in 1996 that "there is absolutely no doubt at all that a few, a very few, malcontents in MI5 ... a lot of them like Peter Wright who were right-wing, malicious and had serious personal grudges – gave vent to these and spread damaging malicious stories about that Labour government. The fourth season opens with the royal family under siege at sea by the IRA, with the devastating climax of the episode being the assassination of Lord Louis “Dickie” Mountbatten. He was the last Viceroy of India and the first governor-general of independent India. Assuming that police investigations substantiate the claim, I know that the Irish people will join me in condemning this heartless and terrible outrage.[142]. Mountbatten, then aged 79, was pulled alive from the water by nearby fishermen, but died from his injuries before being brought to shore. When Mountbatten and his party had taken the boat just a few hundred yards from the shore, the bomb was detonated. [42], In August 1943, Churchill appointed Mountbatten the Supreme Allied Commander South East Asia Command (SEAC) with promotion to acting full admiral. [132][134][135], Also aboard the boat were his elder daughter Patricia, Lady Brabourne; her husband Lord Brabourne; their twin sons Nicholas and Timothy Knatchbull; Lord Brabourne's mother Doreen, Dowager Lady Brabourne; and Paul Maxwell, a young crew member from Enniskillen in County Fermanagh. Il est l'oncle maternel du prince Philip, duc d’Édimbourg, époux de la reine Élisabeth II. [3], Mountbatten admitted: "Edwina and I spent all our married lives getting into other people's beds. The viceroy made several attempts to mediate between the Congress leaders, Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Hari Singh on issues relating to the accession of Kashmir, though he was largely unsuccessful in resolving the conflict. [94], In 1969, Mountbatten tried unsuccessfully to persuade his cousin, the Spanish pretender Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, to ease the eventual accession of his son, Juan Carlos, to the Spanish throne by signing a declaration of abdication while in exile. .mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}, Among the Indian leaders, Mahatma Gandhi emphatically insisted on maintaining a united India and for a while successfully rallied people to this goal. Thankfully the war is over. You can unsubscribe at any time. However, military historians such as former Royal Marine Julian Thompson have written that these lessons should not have needed a debacle such as Dieppe to be recognised. [157], Mountbatten took pride in enhancing intercultural understanding and in 1984, with his elder daughter as the patron, the Mountbatten Institute was developed to allow young adults the opportunity to enhance their intercultural appreciation and experience by spending time abroad. The Queen and Prince Philip have now been married for more than 70 years. What the IRA did to him is what Mountbatten had been doing all his life to other people; and with his war record I don't think he could have objected to dying in what was clearly a war situation. [11], He was posted to the battlecruiser HMS Renown in March 1920 and accompanied Edward, Prince of Wales, on a royal tour of Australia in her. [154], Mountbatten's faults, according to his biographer Philip Ziegler, like everything else about him, "were on the grandest scale. [91] He was Governor of the Isle of Wight from 20 July 1965[92] and then the first Lord Lieutenant of the Isle of Wight from 1 April 1974. Membre proche de la famille royale britannique, il est assassiné par l’IRA provisoire. [137] Doreen, Dowager Lady Brabourne (aged 83), died from her injuries the following day. [5] In June 1917, when the royal family stopped using their German names and titles and adopted the more British-sounding "Windsor", Prince Louis of Battenberg became Louis Mountbatten and was created Marquess of Milford Haven. He received US patent 1,993,334 in 1931 for a polo stick. Mountbatten supported the United World Colleges and encouraged heads of state, politicians and personalities throughout the world to share his interest. [130], Mountbatten usually holidayed at his summer home, Classiebawn Castle, in Mullaghmore, a small seaside village in County Sligo in the north-west of Ireland. Says Lunghi, "The meeting was embarrassing because Stalin was so unimpressed. [40], Mountbatten claimed that the lessons learned from the Dieppe Raid were necessary for planning the Normandy invasion on D-Day nearly two years later. A powerful, analytic mind of crystalline clarity, a superabundance of energy, great persuasive powers, endless resilience in the face of setback or disaster rendered him the most formidable of operators. "Resignation of a First Sea Lord: Mountbatten and the 1956 Suez Crisis. He was father to two daughters: Patricia Knatchbull, later 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma, and Lady Pamela Hicks. He saw action during the closing phase of the First World War, and after the war briefly attended Christ's College, Cambridge. [46] South East Asia Command was disbanded in May 1946 and Mountbatten returned home with the substantive rank of rear-admiral. The boat was destroyed by the force of the blast and Mountbatten's legs were almost blown off. [7] He was promoted lieutenant on 15 April 1920. To appease British nationalist sentiment, King George V issued a royal proclamation changing the name of the British royal house from the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to the House of Windsor. Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (born Prince Louis of Battenberg; 25 June 1900 – 27 August 1979), was a British Royal Navy officer and statesman, an uncle of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and second cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth II. "The Limits of Opposition: Admiral Earl Mountbatten of Burma, First Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Staff. Lord Mountbatten was said to have finally confronted her, and after an emotional showdown the couple reportedly agreed on an open marriage - as divorce was too much of a shame in the 1930s. [13] Early in 1921 Royal Navy personnel were used for civil defence duties as serious industrial unrest seemed imminent. "Autobiography and history on screen: The Life and Times of Lord Mountbatten.". Er war nicht nur Lieblingsonkel von Prinz Phillip (99) und Mentor von Prinz Charles (71), der ihn liebevoll "Onkel Dickie" nannte. He from time to time strongly upbraided the Prince for showing tendencies towards the idle pleasure-seeking dilettantism of his predecessor as Prince of Wales, King Edward VIII, whom Mountbatten had known well in their youth. This issue would become a lasting thorn in his legacy and one that is not resolved to this day. [24], Kelly was sunk by German dive bombers on 23 May 1941 during the Battle of Crete;[29] the incident serving as the basis for Noël Coward's film In Which We Serve. During this period Mountbatten also served as chairman of the NATO Military Committee for a year. [7] Promoted lieutenant-commander on 15 April 1928,[17] he returned to the Signals School in July 1929 as Senior Wireless Instructor. [21] Mountbatten set a date for the transfer of power from the British to the Indians, arguing that a fixed timeline would convince Indians of his and the British government's sincerity in working towards a swift and efficient independence, excluding all possibilities of stalling the process. Lord Mountbatten family tree: The Queen and Lord Mountbatten were second cousins, once removed, Lord Mountbatten family tree: Prince Charles and Lord Mountbatten were known to have a close relationship, Prince Charles ‘proposed to Mountbatten’s granddaughter’, Mountbatten warned Charles he was on ‘Edward VIII's downward slope'. The village was only 12 miles (19 km) from the border with County Fermanagh in Northern Ireland and near an area known to be used as a cross-border refuge by IRA members. Prince Louis of Battenberg was born on 25 June 1900 at Frogmore House in the Home Park, Windsor, Berkshire. Lord Mountbatten family tree: How was Louis Mountbatten related to the Queen and Charles? [2], Mountbatten's nickname among family and friends was "Dickie", although "Richard" was not among his given names. From 1914 to 1918, Britain and its allies were at war with the Central Powers, led by the German Empire. He later admitted 'Edwina and I spent all our married life getting into other people's beds'. [13] He transferred to the battlecruiser HMS Repulse in March 1921 and accompanied the Prince of Wales on a Royal tour of India and Japan. ", Smith, Adrian. "Rewriting History? [16] He was posted to the battleship HMS Centurion in the Reserve Fleet in 1926 and became Assistant Fleet Wireless and Signals Officer of the Mediterranean Fleet under the command of Admiral Sir Roger Keyes in January 1927. Did Princess Margaret die of the same illness her father had? But several years ago, it was Lord Louis Mountbatten who was often credited as bringing then-Princess Elizabeth and Philip together. His 14-year-old grandson was killed with him. Born in Windsor to the prominent Battenberg family, Mountbatten attended the Royal Naval College, Osborne, before entering the Royal Navy in 1916. [160], He was appointed personal aide-de-camp by Edward VIII, George VI[177] and Elizabeth II, and therefore bore the unusual distinction of being allowed to wear three royal cyphers on his shoulder straps. Two of Lord Mountbatten’s relatives and a local boy were also killed during the explosion. [7] Mountbatten became a Member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE), now the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). Within days, Philip received a command from his cousin and sovereign, King George II of Greece, to resume his naval career in Britain which, though given without explanation, the young prince obeyed. The high regard the Royal Family had for Lord Mountbatten is still visible today, with the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge believed to have named their youngest son Prince Louis after him. [97][98][99], In 1975 he finally visited the Soviet Union, leading the delegation from UK as personal representative of Queen Elizabeth II at the celebrations to mark the 30th anniversary of Victory Day in World War II in Moscow. Lord Mountbatten was known to have a particularly close relationship with the Prince of Wales, becoming a mentor to the young royal and offering him guidance throughout his … This was the first recorded meeting of Charles's future parents. [7] Mountbatten survived the deep defence cuts known as the Geddes Axe. His elder siblings were Princess Alice of Greece and Denmark (mother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh), Princess Louise of Battenberg (later Queen Louise of Sweden), and Prince George of Battenberg (later George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven). [21] Another project Mountbatten proposed to Churchill was Project Habakkuk. He offered no invitation. Six weeks later,[144] Sinn Féin vice-president Gerry Adams said of Mountbatten's death: The IRA gave clear reasons for the execution. [9][10] He was elected for a term to the Standing Committee of the Cambridge Union Society and was suspected of sympathy for the Labour Party, then emerging as a potential party of government for the first time. [88] Ian Jacob, co-author of the 1963 Report on the Central Organisation of Defence that served as the basis of these reforms, described Mountbatten as "universally mistrusted in spite of his great qualities". The couple spent heavily on households, luxuries and entertainment. L'affection qui autant que les liens du sang unissait Philip et son oncle était connue de tous. DON'T MISS: Royal controversy: IRA’s cruel rhyme after Mountbatten’s assassination [INSIGHT]Mountbatten’s 'kniving' influence on Prince Charles torn apart [ANALYSIS]Prince Charles to launch £7 BILLION environment project [REPORT]. newspaper archive. This operation is one of the discriminate ways we can bring to the attention of the English people the continuing occupation of our country. [26][27], When war broke out in September 1939, Mountbatten became Captain (D) (commander) of the 5th Destroyer Flotilla aboard HMS Kelly, which became famous for its exploits. Yet it also made clear that the plot was in no way official and that any activity centred on a small group of discontented officers. Smith, Adrian. His maternal grandparents were Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse, and Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, who was a daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Solly Zuckerman pointed out that it was "rank treachery" and the idea came to nothing because of Mountbatten's reluctance to act. The Queen was also said to be “deeply shocked” by the death of her elder cousin in the attack. [5] His mother's younger sister was Russian Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. It is thought the Queen Mother and Lord Mountbatten asked Philip to escort Princess Elizabeth and her sister Princess Margaret during the visit. [77] When Mountbatten was asked by Collins and Lapierre if he would have sabotaged the creation of Pakistan had he known that Jinnah was dying of tuberculosis, he replied, "Most probably".
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